Hey There, I’m Melanie! I am a former CPA turned personal finance blogger and mom of three. When you ‘Budget With Mel’, you’ll develop monthly budgets, cost-cutting tactics, and learn new behaviors and beliefs about money. It’s time you took the stress and confusion out of your personal finances.
Hey There, I’m Melanie! I am a former CPA turned personal finance blogger and mom of three. When you ‘Budget With Mel’, you’ll develop monthly budgets, cost-cutting tactics, and learn new behaviors and beliefs about money. It’s time you took the stress and confusion out of your personal finances.
If you own and run your own business, you might not be aware of the self-employed retirement plans available to you.
Just because you’re on your own when it comes to investing and retirement planning, doesn’t mean that you have to miss out!
Many times, small business owners are unaware of the retirement planning tools and plans available to them outside of an IRA. As a result, they put off worrying about retirement until it's too late!
Let's take a look at five unique self-employed retirement plans available!
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Anyone can open an IRA (Individual Retirement Account). However, whether you can contribute to a Roth or Traditional IRA will depend on your income.
EMPLOYER: No consideration - individual plan.
EMPLOYEE: Individuals may contribute up to $6k per year. However, there are income limits on who can contribute to a Roth IRA.
TAX: Traditional IRA contributions are generally made pre-tax, and Roth IRA contributions are generally made after-tax. Additionally, distributions from a Roth IRA are tax-free. On the other hand, distributions from a Traditional IRA are taxable.
A Solo 401k is available to self employed business owners with no employees (or just a spouse as an employee). In this type of plan, you are the employee AND employer. Consequently, you can make contributions in both capacities. Moreover, you can choose between a Roth or Traditional 401(k).
Example: You open a Solo 401(k), and make $55,000 in 2020. You make the $19,500 max employee contribution, and contribute the employer portion of $13,750 (25% of $55k). Your total contributions are then $33,250, the most you can contribute for 2020.
EMPLOYER: Can contribute up to 25% of compensation or net earnings from self-employment.
EMPLOYEE: Can contribute 100% of earned income, up to $19,500. Total contributions can’t exceed $57,000.
TAX: For employees, tax deductibility depends on type of IRA. Learn more about the differences here. For employers, all contributions are deductible as a business expense.
A SEP (Simplified Employee Pension) IRA plan allows employers to contribute to traditional IRAs (SEP-IRAs) set up for employees . A business of any size can establish a SEP. This is arguably one of the best self-employed retirement plans.
Example: You open a SEP IRA. You have one employee. Your net self employment income is $75,000 and your employees income is $50,000. You decide to contribute 10% of your business earnings to your retirement account, or $7,500. Because you contributed 10% of your own compensation, you have to contribute 10% of your employees compensation, or $5,000.
Key point: This plan works especially well for self employed individuals with no employees.
EMPLOYER: Can contribute up to 25% of net earnings from self-employment, up to $57,000 in 2020.
EMPLOYEE: Employers must contribute equally for all employees. In other words, if you contribute 15% of your own income, you must contribute 15% of each of your employees income.
TAX: Employees contributions are tax-deductible on their own return, but distributions to participants are taxed. Employer contributions are deductible as a business expense.
A Simple (Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees) IRA is a plan available to small businesses with up to 100 employees . Essentially, it is a start-up retirement savings plan for small businesses.
Example : You are a self employed small business owner with 4 employees. You adopt the policy of matching each employees contribution up to 3% of annual income, rather than nonelective contributions. One employee makes $40,000 for the calendar year and starts contributing to the plan beginning in June. The employee contributes 2% of his salary, or $400. Regardless of when the employee began contributing, you must contribute 2% of their annual salary. Thus, you will contribute $800.
EMPLOYER: Must adopt a matching policy of either a 3% employee contribution match, or a flat 2% match.
EMPLOYEE: Can contribute up to $13,500 in 2020 (doesn’t take into account employer match).
TAX: Employees contributions are tax-deductible on their own return, but distributions to participants are taxed. Employer contributions are deductible as a business expense.
You may set up your own pension in retirement as a self-employed individual. However, this doesn’t come without a catch- these types of plans are expensive to set up and maintain.
A defined benefit pension plan offers a guaranteed income stream in retirement. Because of the high cost of this plan, mainly government funded institutions offer it. Only 10% of private businesses offer a pension plan! Here's why.
EMPLOYER: The employer carries a heavy cost burden with this type of plan. Additionally, they are required to keep plan funded at a certain amount.
EMPLOYEE: Enjoys guaranteed income streams in retirement.
TAX: Contributions are generally tax deductible, and distributions in retirement are taxed as income.
If you didn't know about these self-employed retirement plans available to you as a small business owner, now you know! Take the next step to save for your future by starting a plan for you and/or your employees.
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